Which component of plaque works on sugars to create acids that cause cavities?

• A. Enzymes
• B. Bacteria
• C. Saliva
• D. Minerals

Answer: (B)

In plaque, bacteria metabolize sugars from the diet to produce acids, and those acids are what drive cavity formation. The bacteria in dental biofilm act as the active fermenters, converting fermentable carbohydrates into acids like lactic acid, which lowers the pH at the tooth surface and leads to enamel demineralization over time. Enzymes are important in many reactions, but the specific step of turning sugars into acid in plaque is carried out by the microbial metabolism within the biofilm. Saliva helps buffer and neutralize acids and provides minerals for remineralization, while minerals are components of the tooth structure rather than acid producers.